• Cancer stem cells CSCs may have been first identified in

  2023-03-06

  

  Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may have been first identified in teratocarcinomas [11], [12], with its initial clues date back to the 19th century [13]. Kleinsmith and Pierce [12] established the immortal pluripotent teratocarcinoma lines from a single transplanted multi-potent malignant cell, strongly su

• Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly orchestra

  2023-03-06

  

  Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly orchestrated process that involves myoblast proliferation, Dihydroeponemycin withdrawal, expression of muscle-specific genes, and fusion into multinucleated myofibers (Horsley and Pavlath, 2004; Krauss, 2010). The maintenance of muscle mass is impo

• br Introduction Nausea and vomiting are among the most

  2023-03-06

  

  Introduction Nausea and vomiting are among the most distressing side effects associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients (Billio et al., 2010). Severe emesis can negatively affect a patient's nutritional state, ability to work and motivation, which can, in turn, interfere with the clinical co

• It is already established in the literature that

  2023-03-03

  

  It is already established in the literature that products synthesized by 5-LO, such as lipoxin A4, can activate PPARγ in a setting of experimental stroke [43]. Interestingly, experiments using 5-LO knockout mice in an endotoxemia model to mimic septic conditions, demonstrated reduced multiple organ

• br Identification of the kinase that phosphorylates

  2023-03-03

  

  Identification of the kinase that phosphorylates P450c17 The first Ser/Thr kinase that phosphorylates P450c17 was identified only recently. Of the 518 kinases in the human ‘kinome’ 278 are Ser/Thr kinases (Manning et al., 2002), but microarrays identified only 145 Ser/Thr kinases in human NCI-H29

• PF also a dual Aurora A and Aurora B inhibitor

  2023-03-03

  

  PF-03814735, also a dual Aurora-A and Aurora-B inhibitor, was administered in a phase I dose escalation study in a 3-weekly 5,8,11-Eicosatriynoic Acid mg for 5 or 10 consecutive days [69], [70]. To date 25 patients have been included in 7 dose levels (5–100mg/day for 5 days). Using the 5-day schedul

• Aurora A overexpression is also related to

  2023-03-03

  

  Aurora-A overexpression is also related to the activation of NF-κB, a potent anti-apoptotic effector that may play a role in preventing apoptosis in cancer MMP-2 Inhibitor II [18]. These data show that we are still at the beginning of unraveling the complex mechanism by which these gene products a

• ABC super family proteins are found in all forms

  2023-03-03

  

  ABC super family proteins are found in all forms of life and ABC-F subfamily of proteins are involved in cellular processes such as translational control and antibiotic resistance by ribosomal protection [3], [5]. The Mtb ABC proteins that do not contain transmembrane domains have not been studied [

• IGF is an anabolic growth factor that induces hypertrophy

  2023-03-03

  

  IGF1 is an anabolic growth factor that induces hypertrophy and blocks atrophy in skeletal muscle by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (Egerman and Glass, 2014). In addition to its anabolic and anti-catabolic effects, IGF1 stimulates fatty hyPerFUsion™ high-fidelity DNA polymerase (FA) uptake and

• A different mechanism has been

  2023-03-03

  

  A different mechanism has been suggested for the role of TRX1 in ASK1 regulation based on disulfide bond-mediated ASK1 multimerization and its reduction through the thiol-reductase activity of TRX1 (Nadeau et al., 2007, Nadeau et al., 2009). In this model, oxidative stress induces intermolecular dis

• While increased arginase levels has

  2023-03-03

  

  While increased arginase levels has been shown in animal models and in humans with cardiovascular dysfunction [16], [22], [23], it is unknown whether plasma levels or activity of Arginase may predict ED risk. In addition, recent evidence suggests that plasma l-arginine hydrolysis by arginases limits

• Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs therapeutic ability in D

  2023-03-02

  

  Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs therapeutic ability in DM1 came from Thomas Cooper’s laboratory where they demonstrated that insulin-independent glucose uptake was unaffected in human DM1 muscle P7C3 synthesis treated with MET, an AMPK activator and first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellit

• In this study Rb increased the

  2023-03-02

  

  In this study, Rb1 increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt and macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria in mouse lung cells, consistent with the in vitro results. A recent study showed that Rb1 diminished the severity of lung injury in rats exposed to LPS. Rb1 inhibited the LPS-induced increase

• br ABCA mRNA expression is elevated

  2023-03-02

  

  ABCA2 mRNA expression is elevated in Niemann-Pick type C and familial hypercholesterolemia fibroblasts Niemann-Pick Type C disease is a neurological disorder of adolescents due to autosomal-recessive mutations in either one or both Niemann-Pick-2 (NPC2) and NPC1 genes, which, like ABCA2, are loca

• The enzyme mediated ATP sensing mechanism in zebrafish can

  2023-03-02

  

  The enzyme-mediated ATP-sensing mechanism in zebrafish can be compared with previous studies in other animal species reporting that enzymatic conversion of chemicals in the peripheral olfactory organ results in either “activation” or “inactivation” of odorants and pheromones. In male silkmoth, the a

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